[Reprinted February 2016 PCC Blog story and photos by Mike Foley]
As contractors near completing the PCC’s newly renovated Tongan Village, a cultural expert in lalava or traditional sennit-cord lashing was brought in to add some culturally distinctive finishing touches.
For the many centuries before Tongans and other Polynesians obtained metal from the outside world, they used miles and miles of sennit — kafa in Tongan, a strong flexible cordage created by
braiding coconut-husk fibers together — to lash various parts of their wooden houses, canoes and other items together.
Thicker cords and ropes were created by braiding successively larger strands of kafa together, with some samples approaching the size of modern hawsers. Over time such lashings not only proved practical but became artistic expressions with symbolic meanings.
Flash forward to today: As the number of traditional houses and canoes has …
…diminished over the years, so has the need to braid significant amounts of kafa — which Samoans call ‘afa and Hawaiians call ‘aha — EXCEPT in some of the small islands in Fiji and the western Pacific. Likewise, the number of artisans practicing the ancient lashing skills has also declined dramatically.
Enter Sopolemālama Filipe Tohi, a tufuga lalava or skilled Tongan artisan who now lives in Auckland, New Zealand: The Cultural Center contracted with Tohi to spend several weeks here lashing the new fale kautaha or meeting house, re-lashing several of the other buildings in the renovated Tongan Village, and also teaching some of the finer points of lalava to a few of our own people. Tohi was assisted by Su’a Sulu’ape Aisea Toetu’u.
Tohi has also done similar work in Samoa: In 2004 paramount Samoan chief Tupua Tamsese Tupuola Tufuga Efi — now Head of State — invited him to lash the fale maota at Nofoali’i and train two others in the process. Tohi created the lashings for approximately 20 posts based on historical interaction between the Samoans and Tongans. In gratitude and respect for the building’s completion, they bestowed the Samoan chiefly title Sopolemālama on him, which roughly translates as “sharing the knowledge.” (Click here for more on Filipe Tohi’s artistry.)
“There are only a few Tongans who are still capable of doing this,” said 77-year-old Tuione Pulotu, PCC’s consultant on the Tongan Village renovation project: Pulotu first came from Tonga to Laie as a labor missionary to work on the Center and other projects, and has subsequently done numerous cultural construction projects here for over 50 years. “We are lucky to get Filipe to come here,” he said.
Pulotu explained Tohi, who is originally from Nuku’alofa, Tonga, learned “from old folks, but most of it he developed himself” over the past 25 years. He added that the kafa for the Tongan Village project came directly from the Lau Islands in Fiji: “Our first order was 6,000 yards, and we’re expecting another 6,000 to arrive,” he said, estimating the village will need about two-thirds of that to complete that project. That’s almost 5.7 miles of sennit, if stretched out straight.
A lot of kafa goes into creating the more ornate lashings. Tohi explained that’s because some of the logs being lashed are so big that it takes two guys to wrap the cord around and around. They also need scaffolding or a lift to work on the upper reaches of the buildings.
new fale kautaha (meeting house) in 2016.
“In the old days the old people would sit down below and direct the workers on how to wrap the lashings,” Tohi said. “These days, it’s harder because no one understands, so I have to go up and get a lashing started, and then come down so I can more properly see the patterns emerge. When you’re closer, you can’t see that.”
“In the old days, the patterns helped tell a story, because our ancestors didn’t have written languages,” Tohi said. “Some of the patterns have names, such as manu lua — ‘two birds,’ and tokelau feletoa — ‘northern warriors.’”
Tohi also explained that in ancient times cleverly carved connections, wooden dowels and “basically lashings were the only thing holding building joints together.” He added that most such lashings, depending on the weather, could last the lifetime of the building.”“I enjoy working and being here,” Tohi said. “We’re fortunate to have his help on this project,” Pulotu added.